Profiling gas consumption in solidity smart contracts

Nowadays, more and applications are developed for running on a distributed ledger technology, namely dApps. The business logic of dApps is usually implemented within smart contracts through Solidity, programming language writing different blockchain platforms, including the popular Ethereum. In Ethereum, run machines miners gas corresponds to execution fee compensating such computing resources. However, deployment costs contract depend implementation choices done by developers. Unappropriated design could lead higher consumption than necessary. this paper, we (i) identify set 19 Solidity code smells affecting transaction contract, (ii) assess relevance survey involving 34 participants. On top these smells, propose GasMet, suite metrics statically evaluating quality from perspective. An experiment 2186 demonstrates that proposed have direct associations with costs. in our can be used easily identifying source segments need optimizations.